| Sol Ideas Technology Development: developer of educational kits and products relating to sustainable technologies. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solaaqua Solar Water Distillers: |
| Solairgen Ltd: Located in Dahlonega, Georgia. Sales and installation of solar and wind energy systems. |
| Solar Attic Inc: A company that has developed novel technology for capturing and using the heat trapped in your attic crawl space. Located in Elk River, Minnesota |
| Solar Bicycle: manufacturer of the only primarily solar powered vehicle in the world. |
| Solar Biz: We at The Solar Biz have been selling and installing solar for over thirty-two years. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Catalyst Group: Located in California, United States |
| Solar Cell Sales: Located in San Miguel, California |
| Solar Cellcompany: Buyers and sellers of photovoltaic cells, panels and solar projects. Browse site for products, order form available. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Composting Advanced Toilet (Scat): The Solar Composting Advanced Toilet is designed to recycle human excrement and urine into a relatively dry and deodorized compost, which can be safely and easily applied to the immediately surrounding landscape. The S.C.A.T. is a self-contained freestanding structure using inexpensive convenient organic materials such as peat moss or sawdust to promote effective composting. Earthworms provide mixing and aeration, eliminating the need for a rotating drum. A durable watertight plastic bin in the solar chamber has enough capacity for 4-6 persons in daily use. Easy access to the compost bin simplifies emptying at 6-12 month intervals, depending on loading. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Converters Inc : Controllers and other electronic components for AE / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Converters Inc Solar Power Management Devices: |
| Solar Cooker Construction Kevin Dahle: Manufacturer of solar cooker |
| Solar Design Associates Inc: SDA is a design firm specializing in the use of solar power and alternative energy in custom solar homes and other sustainable developments. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Design Guide & Worksheets (Sizing Inverters Design) – Sunwize Technologies: |
| Solar Design Tech: Located in Utah, United States |
| Solar Development Group: Located in Arlington, Virginia |
| Solar Direct: Located in Bradenton, Florida |
| Solar Discount: Located in Mayer, Arizona |
| Solar Education Notes And Links : Elementary "hands-on" technology, ideas and instructions. Solar Car and Inventor’s Kits for children. |
| Solar Electric Energy Systems: Located in Palm Springs, California |
| Solar Electric Inc: Located in San Diego, California and carries a complete line of solar electric and other renewable energy products. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Electric Light Company (Selco) : Solar energy service and distributor of wireless household electricity. |
| Solar Electric Specialties: Solar solutions / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Electric Supply: Sells solar panels, inverters, charge controllers, and complete photovoltaic systems. Aptos, California. |
| Solar Energy Corporation: Radiant barrier and reflective insulation paints for the building, construction, roofing and manufacturing industries. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Energy Systems: Located in Fort Pierce, Florida |
| Solar Energy Systems Inc: The Solar Industry’s Water Heater Bible " Hot Water Systems: Lessons Learned 1977 to Today " Solar Hot Water and Pool Heating Design / High Performance Low Maintenance Systems / Reality Checks Using Current Technology. a definitive how-to book for installing and maintaining high-performance and low-maintenance solar hot water systems written by one of the leaders in solar contracting today |
admin1
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| Solar Fusion Ltd: Solar Power Suppliers in Ferndown, Dorset, UK (Government Accredited) |
| Solar Guys: a renewable energy sales, design, and installation business in western North Carolina, specializing in solar, wind, and micro-hydro. Located in Asheville, North Carolina / (added 09/2005) |
| NEW Here at Solar Heat Inc, our greatest commitment is quality! We strive to bring the very best in solar collection technology at a price to fit your budget. Our engineers have extensive experience. They also know what it means to provide the best service to each one of our customers. |
| Solar Hardware: Located in Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Solar Harvest Organization: Located in Montana, United States / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Hot Water Heating And Cooling Systems: |
| Solar In Western Colorado: We install and sell solar, wind and microhydro energy systems and equipment in western Colorado. |
| Solar Information Index – Go Solarcompany: |
| Solar Man Company: Located in Oregon, United States |
| Solar On Sale: An AE retailer in San Bernardino, California / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Panel Store: |
| Solar Panels For Energy: Solar panels, solar cells, and supporting solar energy equipment. |
| Solar Panels For Everyone: Solar Panel sales and installation since 1986. Specialize in RV solar Panel Systems, and Solar Electrical systems for grid inertia. We sell BP Solar, Shell Solar, Kyocera Solar, Isofoton Solar, Xantrex, Trace Engineering, Heart Interface, Sunyboy, Outback Products. BZ Products. Solar Boost, Specialty Concepts. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Path Energy Systems: Located in Miami, Florida |
| Solar Pathfinder: quickly gives you a full year’s shade evaluation of several potential solar sites. On line manual, tree canopy studies, pricing, links, and contacts. |
| Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumping: Oasis Montana Inc. offers a wide variety of solar water pumping products to suit your project needs. Whether it be stock watering, drip irrigation, emergency back up or meeting the needs of a remote village, we have the pump for your project. |
| Solar Plaza: Global solar (photovoltaic) energy marketplace. Worldwide overview of PV solar products & services, PV solar energy organizations, subsidies and information easy accessible for both consumers and the PV solar industry. |
| Solar Plexus Llc: Solar and Other Renewable Energy Design, Installation and Retail Sales. |
| Solar Power Generation Inc: Located in Orlando, Florida |
| Solar Power Panel Resource: carrying a vast selection of solar panels and chargers in a Variety of sizes and shapes at discount prices. |
| Solar Power Store : Provider of photovoltaic installations including batteries and inverters. |
| Solar Powered Host: Web-hosting company with servers running off solar power. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Products Toys Toy For Camping Education And Home: Neatsolarstuff.com offers solar energy toys and related products for camping, education and home. |
| Solar Propulsion: Solar panels, wind energy, solar bikes,.. |
| Solar Sales And Services: Located in Tennessee, United States |
| Solar Seller: full line of in stock and ready to ship equipment and components for alternative energy systems. Wide selection of DC lighting products. |
| Solar Sense: |
| Solar Service: Since 1977, we have designed and installed hundreds of systems in the Chicago area and over 1,000 nationwide, providing clean, low-cost energy for home. Located in Niles, Illinois / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Services Incorporated: Extensive catalog with +1,000 products. |
| Solar Solutions: An AE retailer in Silver Cliff, Colorado |
| Solar Solutions Inc : Specializes in renewable energy and conservation devices to aid in the preservation of our resources. |
| Solar Unlimited: "Solar Unlimited" is Southern Utah’s most experienced dealer , installer and service, of alternative energy systems. Whether you’re on grid or off grid ,net metering or just trying to off set the increasing costs of electricity. We at" Solar Unlimited", are passionate about making a difference in today’s demands for alternative energy sources. |
| Solar Utility: Distributor for the United Solar Systems solar electric roofing products |
| Solar Village Institute Inc: Solar Village Institute is the premier dealer-installer and industry authority in the North Carolina piedmont-triad area. We’ve been installing renewable energy systems from the mountains to the coast since 1992. We do top-quality, professional work, and we back it up with our guarantee. We work strictly to the National Electric Code. No one does it better than we do! Located in Saxapahaw, North Carolina / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Water Technologies Inc : Provider of solar powered water-pumping systems. |
| Solar Webb Inc: a PV system design and installation company located in Arcadia, CA. We hold an educational seminar the second Saturday of every month to teach PV installation and applications. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solar Wind Works: Offers a complete line of quality alternative energy products designed to offer you years of cost-effective off-grid living. Our product lines include inverters, wind turbines, pumps, and more. Located in Truckee, California |
| Solar4powercom: Solar power systems. Complete technical assistance, engineering, design. Four nationwide warehouse locations assure prompt delivery of your equipment anywhere in the United States and abroad. Located in Conroe, TX. |
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| Solar Fusion Ltd: Solar Power Suppliers in Ferndown, Dorset, UK (Government Accredited) |
| Solarcomponents Home Page: |
| Solarcraft Services: Located in Novato, California |
| Solardyne: Located in Oregon, United States |
| Solardyne Corporation : Distributor of wind generators for small home power systems, water pumping systems and industrial utility-grade wind farm use. |
| Solarenergy.Com: Home and commercial renewable energy products: solar electric, solar heating, solar pool heating, wind energy, books, .. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solargenix Energy: Located in Raleigh, North Carolina |
| Solarnetix Inc : Design and manufacture solar hot water heating systems for all types of buildings. Produce flat plate and vacuum tube solar panels, and the Duonetix microcomputer-controlled pump station. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solarone Products And Consulting: Located in Hartford, Connecticut |
| Solarponics: Solarponics is a full-service energy solutions contractor, which has been in business on the California Central coast for 30 years. We design, ins. Located in Atascadero, California / (added 09/2005) |
| Solarpowerorg: Located in Unknown, United States |
| Solarsaver: The Energy and Environmental Management Group has at its disposal over twenty-five years of experience in renewable energy and operates at the leading edge for an energy efficient environment in the commercial, industrial and domestic markets. The company’s major activities are in the design, specification, supply and installation of state of the art Solar and Renewable Energy Systems. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solarsense: Is a new company in Swansea selling solar components and prepared to quote prices. |
| Solarwares Solar Power Simulation: Increased Power-output of Terrestrial Solar-Power systems by Optimized Generator Directing, Sun’s path and Shade analysis. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solarwinds Northern Lights: Located in Redway, California |
| Solarworks! : Located in Ocean View, Hawaii. Provider of online alternative and renewable energy products. |
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| Solarcomponents Home Page: |
| Solarcraft Services: Located in Novato, California |
| Solardyne: Located in Oregon, United States |
| Solardyne Corporation : Distributor of wind generators for small home power systems, water pumping systems and industrial utility-grade wind farm use. |
| Solarenergy.Com: Home and commercial renewable energy products: solar electric, solar heating, solar pool heating, wind energy, books, .. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solargenix Energy: Located in Raleigh, North Carolina |
| Solarnetix Inc : Design and manufacture solar hot water heating systems for all types of buildings. Produce flat plate and vacuum tube solar panels, and the Duonetix microcomputer-controlled pump station. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solarone Products And Consulting: Located in Hartford, Connecticut |
| Solarponics: Solarponics is a full-service energy solutions contractor, which has been in business on the California Central coast for 30 years. We design, ins. Located in Atascadero, California / (added 09/2005) |
| Solarpowerorg: Located in Unknown, United States |
| Solarsaver: The Energy and Environmental Management Group has at its disposal over twenty-five years of experience in renewable energy and operates at the leading edge for an energy efficient environment in the commercial, industrial and domestic markets. The company’s major activities are in the design, specification, supply and installation of state of the art Solar and Renewable Energy Systems. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solarsense: Is a new company in Swansea selling solar components and prepared to quote prices. |
| Solartron Analytical : FC test equipment / (added 09/2005) |
| Solarwares Solar Power Simulation: Increased Power-output of Terrestrial Solar-Power systems by Optimized Generator Directing, Sun’s path and Shade analysis. / (added 09/2005) |
| Solarwinds Northern Lights: Located in Redway, California |
| Solarworks! : Located in Ocean View, Hawaii. Provider of online alternative and renewable energy products. |
| Solarwrights: SolarWrights, Inc. designs, sells, install solar energy equipment including residential and commercial photovoltaic and solar thermal systems.. Located in Barrington, Rhode Island / (added 09/2005) |
| Solastar Solar Water Pumps & Solar Water Pumping Systems: Distributor of solar water pump systems for use in stock and game watering from boreholes, rivers and dams, as well as water supplies for farm homesteads, holiday homes, water supply for rural communities, clinics and schools. |
| Solatron Technologies Inc: Low-price alternative energy distributor. |
| Soltrex: system owners (current and potential), educators, students, and solar enthusiasts examine actual PV production. Tap into the largest real-time database of real-world PV production and see what PV can really do. |
| Solutions In Solar Electricity: Provider of renewable energy equipment through PV bulk buys including PV modules and inverters. |
| Soluz Inc: Located in Chelmsford, Massachusetts |
| Sonideft Solar: specializes in the consulting, design and sale of Solar Heating products. We also host many online solar design tools. / (added 09/2005) |
| Sound Geothermal Corporation : Provider of ground source heating and cooling including energy recovery ventilators and list of dealerships. |
| South Carolina Solar: Design of custom systems for business and home use. Traffic management, security, communications,.. |
| South Florida Pool Heating: Located in Coral Springs, Florida |
| Southern California Edison: Located in Rosemead, California |
| Southern Company: Located in Atlanta, Georgia |
| Southern Connecticut Gas: Located in Bridgeport, Connecticut |
| Southern Tool: Located in Miami, Florida |
| Southwest Energy Efficiency Project: Located in Colorado, United States |
| Southwest Photovoltaic Services Inc: Wind and solar energy. System components: regulators, inverters, mounting hardware and structures, lights, pumps, batteries and also battery and control enclosures. Designs and installs turnkey solar or wind powered electric systems for homes, water pumping, water disinfecting, communications and a growing list of reliable and cost effective applications. Located in Tomball, Texas |
Links to Renewable (Alternative) Organizations
| Energy Saving International (Ensi) : Energy news clips and other energy news services from (in Spanish) |
| Energy Saving Trust: The EE2000 project assists Central and Eastern Europe and CIS countries to enhance their energy efficiency and security of energy supply; and assists these countries in meeting international environmental treaty obligations. This site is to enhance communications between project partners and disseminate results of national energy efficiency programmes and the EE2000 project. |
| Environment Australia : US Department of Energy’s major site, which includes programmes and activities, related to buildings. / (added 09/2005) |
| Environmental Bbs: US Department of Energy’s major site, which includes activities related to Superconductivity for Electric Systems. / (added 09/2005) |
| Environmental Development Action In The Third World (Enda): US Department of Energy’s major site, which includes programmes and activities, related to transportation. |
| European Environment Information And Observation Network (Eionet) : |
| European Fuel Cell Group: The EBRD offers financing for the economic transition in central and eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). |
| European Integrated Hydrogen Project (Eihp): To promote the use of biodiesel in the European Union |
| European Solar Energy Association : association working to support renewable energy sources in the European institutions. |
| European Wind Energy Association (Ewea): An agency set up by the European Union, which provides objective, reliable and comprehensive information relevant to the protection and improvement of the environment. The Agency co-ordinates the information retrieval network EIONET. / (added 09/2005) |
| Ewea (European Wind Energy Association) : Collects data, information and knowledge on the state of the environment for the European Environment Agency. |
Links to Renewable (Alternative) Organizations
| Federation Of The Electricity Companies In Belgium (Bfe-Fpe) : / (added 09/2005) |
| Finnish Energy Industries Federation (Finergy): |
| Finnish Energy Industries Federation Finergy: Nonpartisan organization whose objectives are replacement of nuclear and fossil fuels with environmentally sound energy sources using renewable energies. / (added 09/2005) |
| Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metla) : is a non-profit, non-governmental association with a membership consisting mainly of national affiliated societies, companies/organisations involved in wind related activities. |
| FocUS On Energy: The Finnish electricity branch organization: power and heat generation, procurement, transmission, sales, and building of power transmission grid. |
| Folkecenter For Renewable Energy : An independent research organisation, which produces research-based information on Forestry, including wood fuel harvesting. |
| Fortum Ivo-Neste Group : Organization established to promote wind power in Finland; part of the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA). / (added 09/2005) |
| French Institute For Agricultural And Environmental Engineering Research (Cemagref): Provides assistance in applied R&D in the fields of environment, energy and materials. |
| French Ministry Of The Environment : |
| French National Centre For Scientific Research (Cnrs) : / (added 09/2005) |
| French Natural Gas Vehicle Association: Focus on Energy is a public-private partnership offering energy information and services to energy utility customers throughout Wisconsin. The goals of this program are to encourage energy efficiency and use of renewable energy, enhance the environment, and ensure the future supply of energy for Wisconsin. / (added 09/2005) |
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| Gas Water Heating Systems: |
| Ge Wind Energy : |
| Gem Solar Solutions: Complete design, fabrication and installation for any renewable energy system. PV, WIND, WATER HEATING AND PUMPING, GENERATORS for those grid and remote locations |
| Gen-Con Inc: Located in Portland, Oregon |
| Generator Express: Located in Kaysville, Utah |
| Generator Servicecompany: |
| Genpro: Located in South Dakota, United States |
| Geogenix: Solar System Experts Of New Jersey, Residential and Commercial installer of solar power energy systems. |
| Geothermal-Biz.Com: |
| GINLONG TECHNOLOGIES: Ginlong Technologies is one of the world’s leading specialists in manufacturing, providing consultation and design services for a broad range of small wind turbine parts and systems (<20kW) including permanent magnet generators (alternators), grid connected (grid tie) inverters, off-grid inverters, intelligent controllers and numerous other wind turbine mechanical parts. |
| Glen Hunter: follow along as Glen and Joanne build an off-grid, strawbale, and post and beam house on 100 acres of land near Peterborough, Ontario. |
| Global Possibilities: Located in Los Angeles, California |
| Global Power Products: Located in Lawrenceville, Georgia |
| Global Solar: Located in Tucson, Arizona |
| Gloor Engineering: The site contains German-language information about energy efficiency and literature about energy. It includes specific efficiency values for different applications (kW, kWh/unit, kW/m3 etc.) as well as papers about various aspects of energy such as drive systems, small hydro plants and the wood industry. Additionally, there are addresses for energy specialists in Switzerland. / (added 09/2005) |
| GNB Industrial Power: Located in Lombard, Illinois |
| Go Solar Company : Provider of solar energy information, products and service including solar panels. |
| Gobox Universal Motor Controller: The GoBox is a set of electronic subassemblies to control the Motor functions of Experimental Vehicles, specifically those that use water and hydrolysis products to reduce or replace petrol as combustible. / (added 09/2005) |
| Goehring May Architects Llc: Located in Minnesota, United States |
| Good & Plenty Green Shopping Directory: Makes it easy to find the best healthy natural and earth-friendly products and services on the internet. |
| Green Collar Economy is a site dedicated to helping businesses learn about and share ideas for going green and doing so profitably. We have a B2B directory with over 2600 green business links, daily news in 7 channels, a Green Collar Job board and channel specific forums. |
| Great Solar Works: Located in Colorado, United States |
| Green Energy Marketing: Description: Want to learn how green marketing can work for your company? Green Energy Marketing offers free seminars that will show you how to make your company grow. |
| Green Homes For Sale: provides a high quality Internet venue to assist people to buy and sell solar, green, healthy, and or ecological homes. / (added 09/2005) |
| Green Plains Energy: Green Plains Energy (est. 1999), an energy consulting company based in Delaware, USA, promotes and facilitates the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. Located in Delaware, United States |
| Green Roadshow : is based in and around the Croissant Neuf, Wind and Solar powered, all human Circus. We use a combination of traditional circus presentation, green themed entertainments and hands on activities to educate the public about environmental issues. / (added 09/2005) |
| Green-Ener-Tech-Dk : |
| Greer Commission Of Public Works: Located in Greer, South Carolina |
| Ground Source Heat Exchange: |
| Growind: Located in Alta, Iowa |
| Grundfos Leaders In Pump Technology: |
| Grupo Fenix Skyheat Associates: Creating a solar culture in Nicaragua. Manufacture and install PV systems, solar cookers etc in Nicaragua |
| Gt Solar Technologies: Located in Merrimack, New Hampshire |
DSE Energy Glossary
| P/N | A semiconductor photovoltaic device structure in which the junction is formed between a p-type layer and an n-type layer. |
| Packing Factor | The ratio of array area to actual land area or building envelope area for a system; or, the ratio of total solar cell area to the total module area, for a module. |
| PADD | The United States is divided by the U.S. Department of Energy into five PADD regions for planning purposes. The states within PADD V are Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon and Washington, which are linked closely by their oil supply network. Since very little petroleum product is export outside the district, PADD V is essentially a self-contained oil supply system with Alaska and California the main producers and California refining the majority of the crude oil consumed in the PADD. (Petroleum Administration For Defense Districts) |
| Panel | See photovoltaic (PV) panel. |
| Pangaea | the huge supercontinent which scientists think may have existed 250 million years ago. All of the continents may have at one time been joined together to make this huge land mass. |
| Parallel Connected | A method of connection in which positive terminals are connected together and negative terminals are connected together. Current output adds and voltage remains the same. |
| Parallel Connection | A way of joining solar cells or photovoltaic modules by connecting positive leads together and negative leads together; such a configuration increases the current, but not the voltage. |
| Parallel Path Flow | As defined by NERC, this refers to the flow of electric power on an electric system’s transmission facilities resulting from scheduled electric power transfers between two other electric systems. (Electric power flows on all interconnected parallel paths in amounts inversely proportional to each path’s resistance.) |
| Partial Load | An electrical demand that uses only part of the electrical power available. |
| Particulate Matter (Pm) | Unburned fuel particles that form smoke or soot and stick to lung tissue when inhaled. A chief component of exhaust emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines. |
| Particulates (Particulate Matter) |
dust, soot, smoke and other suspended matter; can be respiratory irritants. Particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (pm10) has been found to be particularly harmful to health. |
| Pascal | The pascal [Pa] is the SI unit of pressure. One pascal is the pressure generated by a force of 1 newton acting on an area of 1 square metre. It is a rather small unit as defined and is more often used as a kilopascal [kPa]. It is named after the French mathematician, physicist and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-62). |
| Passivation | A chemical reaction that eliminates the detrimental effect of electrically reactive atoms on a solar cell’s surface. |
| Passive Solar | Any use of the sun’s energy in a manner that is found in nature without the use of mechanical aid like pumps or fans. For example, heating a thermal mass (a concrete wall or slab, for instance) during the day with direct sunlight, and using the stored heat in that mass to warm a greenhouse or home at night. |
| Passive Solar Energy | Use of the sun to help meet a building¹s energy needs by means of architectural design (such as arrangement of windows) and materials (such as floors that store heat, or other thermal mass). |
| Passive Solar Energy Designs |
use the building itself as both the solar collector and storage medium, usually by increasing the window area on the south side of the building and the amount of thermal mass inside the building to absorb the solar heat that enters through the windows. |
| Passive Solar Home | A house that utilizes part of the building as a solar collector, as opposed to active solar, such as PV. |
| Passive Solar System | A solar heating or cooling system that uses no external mechanical power to move the collected solar heat. |
| Pasteurize | to use high temperatures to destroy disease-causing bacteria. |
| Payback | The period of time it takes for an energy generating device or system to pay for itself in fuel savings. |
| Pcbs (Polychloronated Biphenyls) |
A group of organic compounds used in the manufacture of plastics and formerly used as a coolant in electric transformers. In the environment, PCBs are highly toxic to aquatic life. They persist in the environment for long periods of time and are biologically accumulative. |
| Peak Demand | See PEAK LOAD. |
| Peak Demand/Load | The maximum energy demand or load in a specified time period. |
| Peak Load | The maximum load or electrical power draw occurring in a given period of time. |
| Peak Load Or Peak Demand | The electric load that corresponds to a maximum level of electric demand in a specified time period. |
| Peak Load Power Plant | A power generating station that is normally used to produce extra electricity during peak load times. |
| Peak Power Current | Amperes produced by a photovoltaic module or array operating at the voltage of the I-V curve that will produce maximum power from the module. |
| Peak Power Point | Operating point of the I-V (current-voltage) curve for a solar cell or photovoltaic module where the product of the current value times the voltage value is a maximum. |
| Peak Power Tracking | see maximum power tracking. |
| Peak Sun Hours | The equivalent number of hours per day when solar irradiance averages 1000 W/m2. |
| Peak Watt | A unit used to rate the performance of solar cells, modules, or arrays; the maximum nominal output of a photovoltaic device, in watts (Wp) under standardized test conditions, usually 1,000 watts per square meter of sunlight with other conditions, such as temperature specified. |
| Peak Wind Speed | The maximum instantaneous wind speed that occurs within a specific period of time. |
| Peaker | A nickname for a power generating station that is normally used to produce extra electricity during peak load times. |
| Peaking Unit | A power generator used by a utility to produce extra electricity during peak load times. |
| Peat | A heterogeneous mixture of partly decomposed organic matter that has accumulated in a water saturated environment over a very long period of time. Peat geologically is considered a very young form of coal and has a heating value of 6,600 Btu/pound in situ. |
| Pelton Wheel | A common impulse turbine runner—the wheel that receives the water, changing the pressure and flow of the water to circular motion to drive an alternator, generator, or machine. Pelton wheels (named after inventor Lester Pelton) are made with a series of cups or “buckets” cast onto a hub. |
| Penstock | The pipe in a hydro system that carries the water from the intake to the turbine. |
| Perm | The measurement of water vapor through different materials measured in perm-inch (mass of water vapor moving through a unit area in unit time). |
| Permeable | able to transmit water or other liquids; for example, rock with tiny passageways between holes, fractured rock, and gravel are permeable. |
| Petrochemicals | Chemicals made from oil. |
| Petrodollars | Money paid to other countries for oil imported to the United States. |
| Petroleum | Oil as found it its natural state under the ground. |
| Phantom Load | A device that consumes energy even when its switch is off, such as the digital clock on a VCR. |
| Phosphorous (P) | A chemical element used as a dopant in making n-type semiconductor layers. |
| Photocell | A device that produces an electric reaction to visible radiant energy (light). |
| Photocurrent | |
| Photoelectric Cell | A device for measuring light intensity that works by converting light falling on, or reach it, to electricity, and then measuring the current; used in photometers. |
| Photoelectrochemical Cell | A special kind of PV cell in which the electricity is used immediately to produce a chemical (Eg Hydrogen). |
| Photon | |
| Photosynthesis | A process by which green plants change carbon dioxide into oxygen and organic materials. The energy for this process comes from sunlight. |
| Photovoltaic | Capable of producing a voltage when exposed to light or other radiation. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) | Refers of converting light into electricity. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Array | A number of PV modules connected together in a single structure. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Cell | The smallest discrete element in a PV module that performs the conversion of light into electrical energy to produce a DC current and voltage. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Conversion Efficiency |
The ratio of the electrical power generated by a PV device to the power of the light incident on it. This is typically in the range 5% to 15% for commercially available modules. |
| Photovoltaic (Pv) Device | A solid-state electrical device that converts light directly into direct current electricity of voltage-current characteristics that are a function of the characteristics of the light source and the materials in and design of the device. Solar photovoltaic devices are made of various semiconductor materials including silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, and gallium arsenide, and in single crystalline, multicrystalline, or amorphous forms. |
| Photovoltaic (Pv) Effect | The phenomenon that occurs when photons, the "particles" in a beam of light, knock electrons loose from the atoms they strike. When this property of light is combined with the properties of semiconductors, electrons flow in one direction across a junction, setting up a voltage. With the addition of circuitry, current will flow and electric power will be available. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Generator | The total of all PV strings of a PV power supply system, which are electrically interconnected. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Module | A single assembly of solar cells and ancillary parts, such as interconnections, terminals, (and protective devices such as diodes) intended to generate DC power under un-concentrated sunlight. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer (superstrate) or the back layer (substrate). [UL 1703] |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Panel | a term often used interchangeably with PV module (especially in single module systems). |
| Photovoltaic (PV) System | A complete set of components for converting sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic process, including the array and balance of system components. |
| Photovoltaic Array | A collection of solar modules connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel combination to provide greater voltage, current, or power than can be furnished by a single solar module. Solar-electric arrays can be designed to furnish any desired voltage, current, or power. |
| Photovoltaic Cell | A device composed of specially prepared semiconductor material or material combinations exhibiting the ability to convert incident solar energy directly into electrical energy. |
| Photovoltaic Effect | The effect that causes a voltage to be developed across the junction of two different materials when they are exposed to light. |
| Photovoltaic Module | A PV module consists of series and/or parallel wired cells typically made from layered silicon crystals that convert light energy to DC electricity. The number of modules in a given system varies depending on the combined load being powered. |
| Photovoltaic System | All the parts connected together that are required to produce solar electricity. |
| Photovoltaic(S) (PV) | Pertaining to the direct conversion of light into electricity. |
| Photovoltaics (PV) | convert sunlight directly into electricity using PV cells made of semiconductor material. |
| Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) System |
A photovoltaic system that, in addition to converting sunlight into electricity, collects the residual heat energy and delivers both heat and electricity in usable form. Also called a total energy system. |
| Physical Vapor Deposition | A method of depositing thin semiconductor photovoltaic films. With this method, physical processes, such as thermal evaporation or bombardment of ions, are used to deposit elemental semiconductor material on a substrate. |
| P-I-N | A semiconductor photovoltaic (PV) device structure that layers an intrinsic semiconductor between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor; this structure is most often used with amorphous silicon PV devices. |
| PIPE LOSS (Frictional Head Loss) |
The amount of energy or pressure lost due to friction between a flowing liquid and the inside surface of a pipe. |
| Pipeline | A line of pipe with pumping machinery and apparatus (including valves, compressor units, metering stations, regulator stations, etc.) for conveying a liquid or gas. |
| Plate Tectonics | the study of the movement of large crustal plates (lithospheric plates) of the Earth’s shell. The earth’s shell is broken into several pieces (12 large ones and several smaller ones). These plates move toward and away from one another at about the rate our fingernails grow. The process that creates the dynamic movement of the plates includes the convection of magma in the mantle and lithosphere. Plate tectonics helps to explain continental drift, seafloor spreading, volcanic eruptions and other geothermal phenomena, earthquakes, mountain formation and the distribution of some plant and animal species. |
| Plates | A metal plate, usually lead or lead compound, immersed in the electrolyte in a battery. |
| PM | Permanent Magnet, a magnet that retains its magnetism after the removal of the magnetizing force. |
| PMA | Permanent Magnet Alternator. |
| P-N Junction | The semiconductor junction in a photovoltaic cell that shunts electrons into a circuit. Electrons are bumped across this junction by photons (light particles). |
| Pocket Plate | A plate for a battery in which active materials are held in a perforated metal pocket. |
| Point-Contact Cell | A high efficiency silicon photovoltaic concentrator cell that employs light trapping techniques and point-diffused contacts on the rear surface for current collection. |
| Polar Night Jets | An intermittent form of jet stream that occurs above the earth’s poles during the dark winter months. |
| Pole Mount | A PV mount that is installed on the top or side of a pole usually set in concrete. Can be fixed or seasonally tilted. |
| Polycrystalline | See Multicrystalline. |
| Polycrystalline Cell | a wafer of silicon with a multi-grained structure. All grains have the same atomic crystal lattice, however, each grain has a unique orientation in space thereby producing a unique reflection of light. |
| Polycrystalline Silicon | A material used to make photovoltaic cells, which consist of many crystals unlike single-crystal silicon. |
| Poly-Vinyl Chloride (PVC) | A plastic used as an insulator on electrical cables. A toxic material, which is being replaced with alternatives made from more benign chemicals |
| Porous | full of small holes (pores); able to be filled (permeated) by water, air, or other materials. |
| Post And Beam Construction | A traditional building technique in which post and beam framing units are the basic load-bearing members. Post and beams may be of wood, structural steel, or concrete. In this system, there are fewer framing members, leaving more open space for in-fill. Often used in straw bale construction. |
| Power | |
| Power (Watts) | Basic unit of electricity equal to the product of current and voltage (in DC circuits). |
| Power Authorities | Quasi-governmental agencies that perform all or some of the functions of a public utility. |
| Power Conditioning | The process of modifying the characteristics of electrical power (for e.g., inverting direct current to alternating current). |
| Power Conditioning Equipment | Electrical equipment, or power electronics, used to convert power from a photovoltaic array into a form suitable for subsequent use. A collective term for inverter, converter, battery charge regulator, and blocking diode. |
| Power Conversion Efficiency | The ratio of output power to input power e.g. Of an inverter. |
| Power Density | The ratio of the power available from a battery to its volume (Watts per liter) or weight (Watts per kilogram). |
| Power Factor | The cosine of the phase angle between the voltage and the current waveforms in an AC circuit. A measure of inverter performance. |
| Power Factor (Pf) | The ratio of actual power being used in a circuit, expressed in watts or kilowatts, to the power that is apparently being drawn from a power source, expressed in volt-amperes or kilovolt-amperes. |
| Power Grid (Also “Utility Grid”) | A common term referring to an electricity transmission and distribution system. |
| Power Plant | a central station where electricity is produced using turbines and generators. |
| Power Pool | An entity established to coordinate short-term operations to maintain system stability and achieve least-cost dispatch. The dispatch provides backup supplies, short-term excess sales, reactive power support, and spinning reserve. Historically, some of these services were provided on an unpriced basis as part of the members’ utility franchise obligations. Coordinating short-term operations includes the aggregation and firming of power from various generators, arranging exchanges between generators, and establishing (or enforcing) the rules of conduct for wholesale transactions. The pool may own, manage and/or operate the transmission lines ("wires") or be an independent entity that manages the transactions between entities. Often,the power pool is not meant to provide transmission access and pricing, or settlement mechanisms if differences between contracted volumes among buyers and sellers exist. |
| Power Quality | Stability of frequency and voltage and lack of electrical noise on the power grid. |
| Ppm (Parts Per Million) | The unit commonly used to represent the degree of pollutant concentration where the concentrations are small. |
| Preferred Hour-Ahead Schedule | A Scheduling Coordinator’s preferred schedule for the ISO hour-ahead scheduling process. |
| Pressure | The “push” behind liquid or gas in a tank, reservoir, or pipe. Water pressure is directly related to “head”—the height of the top of the water over the bottom. Every 2.31 feet of vertical head gives 1 psi (pound per square inch) of water pressure. |
| Pressurized Water Reactor (Pwr) |
A nuclear power unit cooled by water that is pressurized to keep it from boiling when it reaches high temperatures. |
| Prevailing Wind Direction | The direction from which the wind predominantly blows as a result of the seasons, high and low pressure zones, the tilt of the earth on its axis, and the rotation of the earth. |
| Primary Battery | A battery that cannot be re-charged. |
| Primary Cell | A primary cell is an electrochemical cell (battery) that cannot be recharged. The chemical process within the primary cell is only one way—discharge. When a primary cell is discharged it is discarded. Common flashlight batteries are primary cells; they are disposable batteries that should be avoided. |
| Primary Fuel | Fuel consumed in the original production of energy, before conversion takes place. |
| Programmable Controller | A device that controls the operation of electrical equipment (such as air conditioning units and lights) according to a preset time schedule. |
| Projected Area | The net south-facing glazing area projected on a vertical plane. |
| Propane | A gas that is both present in natural gas and refined from crude oil. It is used for heating, lighting and industrial applications. See also LPG. |
| Propeller | A blade that propels or acts as an airscrew turning by the oncoming wind. Also known as Prop. "slang term for the rotor" |
| Proton | A basic particle present in an atom’s nucleus, which has a positive charge. |
| Provider Of Last Resort | A legal obligation(traditionally given to utilities) to provide service to a customer where competitors have decided they do not want that customer’s business. |
| Psi | See PRESSURE. |
| P-Type Semiconductor | A semiconductor in which holes carry the current. It is produced by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with an an electron accepting impurity. (Eg adding born to silicon) |
| Puelche | A warm, dry wind that blows easterly off the Andes of South America. |
| Pulse Width Modulation (Pwm) | Varying the amount of DC energy sent to a load or other device by changing the length of time a pulse is left on compared to when it is off. The wider the pulse, the greater the energy transfer. |
| Pulse-Width-Modulated (Pwm) Wave Inverter |
A type of power inverter that produce a high quality (nearly sinusoidal) voltage, at minimum current harmonics. |
| Pumped Hydroelectric Storage | Commercial method used for large-scale storage of power. During off-peak times, excess power is used to pump water to a reservoir. During peak times, the reservoir releases water to operate hydroelectric generators. |
| PURPA | The Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act, passed in 1978. Requires utilities to purchase excess generation from small-scale generators. However, without net metering, this can amount to a fraction of retail prices. |
| PV | See PHOTOVOLTAIC |
| PV Array | Two or more photovoltaic modules wired in series or parallel. |
| PV Array-Direct | The use of electricity directly from a photovoltaic array, without batteries or other electrical storage. Many solar water pumps work this way, using a tank to store water. |
| PV Components | The individual parts of a PV System. Individual items like Batteries, Inverters, Regulators, Wiring |
| PV System | All the parts in combination required to generate solar electricity |
| Pyranometer | An instrument for measuring total hemispherical solar irradiance on a flat surface, or "global" irradiance; thermopile sensors have been generally identified as pyranometers, however, silicon sensors are also referred to as pyranometers. |
| Pyrheliometer | An instrument used for measuring direct beam solar irradiance. Uses an aperture of 5.7° to transcribe the solar disc. |
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| (Bap) Bubble Action Pumps Ltd: |
| (Ensi) Energy Saving International: Grid maps wind resource potential are based on wind power density. |
| (Ttc)Technology Transition Corporation: |
| 1st Solar Products: Bubble Action Pumps Ltd. manufactures ELECTRIC-FREE hot water and space heating systems using SOLAR and other RENEWABLE FUELS. With the amazing Bubble Action Pump, there is no longer any need for an electric pump to circulate the fluid in a solar water heating system. We call our system SOL Perpetua™. |
| 21st Centurt Technologies: A consulting company in the area of energy conservation, energy efficiency, environment and demand-side management. |
| 21st Century Goods: Washington D.C. firm that designs and implements strategic initiatives to help emerging energy technologies, including fuel cells, move from the research and development environment into sustainable markets. |
| AES Solar Energy: continually strive to be the industry leader in service and reliability. From start to finish, contract to final inspection, we make the process of bringing solar energy to your home or business fast, simple, and indeed worry-free. Our installation team is the most experienced in the area! |
| 4lotscom: 21st Century Technologies provides unique solar electric systems and complete energy solutions, from initial consultation to installation, project development, maintenance and financing at the lowest possible cost. Located in Sunland, California |
| A Slight Chill In The Air: offers a large selection of innovative electronic products. Since 2001 we have specialized in solar power products for emergency preparedness, outdoor recreation, and safety. |
| A-1 Well Service: Sells inverters, charge controllers, panels and racks, fuses, batteries, cables, and grid kits. Corona, California. |
| Aaa Solar Service And Supply : 3W Energy conducts project feasibility and cost studies for a variety of both public and private clients. We facilitate and manage the investment of f. Located in Oregon, United States |
| Aaes – Advanced Alternative Energy Solutions: Dealer of RE products, including inverters, solar panels, and portable power units. |
| Aalborg Industries A/S: Christian Science Monitor article on trends in U.S. solar power use. Solar electricity and thermal technologies are improving, but the market is cool. May 23, 2002 / (added 09/2005) |
| Aarons Rain Barrels: A-1 Well Service supplies, installs, and services all water-well system components, such as pumps, tanks, controls, etc. We also arrange well drilling for customers who prefer complete package pricing. A-1 serves the Kingman and surrounding areas of Arizona, including the Bullhead, Lake Havasu, Hackberry, Fort Rock, and Dolan Springs regions. Located in Kingman, Arizona |
| AbacUS Controls : |
| ABB Power Technologies: A rain barrel is a rainwater harvesting system that is connected to a down spout tube from a house or building. We make quality rain barrels that collect, store and divert rooftop runoff during a rain shower. |
| Abc Solar: |
| Able Solar Limited: provides home energy ratings, load calculations, passive solar design assistance, and other energy services. |
| Abri Sustainable Design & Consulting: Provider of design and manufacturing services for digitally controlled power equipment. Located in Somerville, New Jersey |
| Abs Alaskan Inc : ABB Power Technologies provides products, systems, and services for power transmission, distribution and automation. It serves electric, gas, and water utilities as well as industrial and commercial customers. |
| Absolute Solar Co: ABC Solar is a newly formed company founded to provide alternative power solutions and services along with wireless data communications. ABC Solar has a timely opportunity to take advantage of well-developed solar technology, the California energy crisis, power industry deregulation, and affordable wireless broadband technologies. Located in California, United States |
| Absolutely Energized Solar Electric: an Auckland, New Zealand-based, alternative power products supplier and retailer. / (added 09/2005) |
| Absorbers To Go Sun-Ray Solar: |
| Abundant Earth: Provides alternative and renewable energy information and products including solar power, wind energy, storage batteries, inverters, and accessories. Located in Fairbanks, Alaska |
| Abundant Renewable Energy: provides a wide selection of easy-to-select portable and prepackaged solar power systems for recreation, home and businesses. |
| Abwasser- Und Abfalltechnik Gmbh & Co (Aat): specializes in solar electric system design and installation in NJ, NY, PA, and DE. Located in New Jersey. |
| Ac Solar Inc: Established in 1978 as an innovative company, Sun Ray Solar has positioned itself to be the supplier of choice for those contractors and customers who demand the utmost reliability, performance and cost-effective solar heating systems. The core of our business is our unique roll formed solar collector absorber plate, the heat exchanger that transfers solar energy to fluid. Located in El Cajon, Florida |
| Accent Water And Energy Pty Ltd: Abundant Earth offers a wide variety of environmentally sensitive products and services for people who want to make a difference in the world. Located in Port Townsend, Washington |
| Acme Electric Solar Systems: the North American Distributor Of AWP Wind Generators. We also sell rebuilt Jacobs Generators and towers for all wind generators. Located in Newberg, Oregon |
| Acorn Water: |
| Acr Solar International: Solar, wind and sustainability specialists; natural building products; energy efficient appliances. |
| Acro Solar Lasers: Mirrored Fiberglass dishes track the sun on two axis, heat homes, pools, spas, air space, and domestic water. Now available in kits. Superior sun tracking computer for solar concentrators or PVs. Dealer of reflective mirror film with adhesive backing. Best BTU/$ |
| Acrymax Technologies Inc: Acme Electric is a licensed electrical contractor specializing in solar electric systems for homes and businesses in the San Francisco Bay Area. |
| Acs (Advancedcombustion Systems): With 20 years in the electrical industry, we bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the exciting new field of Grid-Tied Photovoltaic systems. Owner Bruce Gardiner has been installing PV systems for 11 years, both off-grid and on-grid. In the last two years we have completed more than 30 Grid-Tied PV systems totaling over 80kW of solar power. Located in Berkley, CA |
| Active Power: |
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| Hotlinks to Additional Internet Resources: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||